Following a powerful winter storm that swept through Washington, D.C., Maryland, and Virginia, Maryland lawmakers are renewing efforts to address a dangerous winter driving hazard: snow and ice left on the roofs of vehicles. After multiple crashes and injuries caused by what officials describe as “ice missiles,” proposed legislation would make it illegal to drive without clearing accumulated snow or ice from a vehicle’s roof.
Recent incidents in Harford and Anne Arundel counties have highlighted the risks. Authorities reported several crashes after large chunks of ice broke free from moving vehicles and struck cars traveling behind them. One of the incidents involved an Anne Arundel County sheriff’s deputy, underscoring the seriousness of the hazard for both civilians and first responders.
When snow collects on a vehicle, heat from the engine and interior can cause it to partially melt. As temperatures drop again, the snow refreezes into dense sheets of ice. At highway speeds, these frozen slabs can detach and become airborne, shattering windshields and causing drivers to lose control.
To address the problem, Maryland Delegate Edith Patterson (D–Charles County) has introduced House Bill 474. The proposal would require drivers to remove significant snow and ice buildup from their vehicle roofs before driving. Patterson said the recent wave of accidents has increased bipartisan support for the measure in the Maryland General Assembly.
Under House Bill 474, enforcement would rely on escalating civil fines intended to emphasize education and deterrence rather than punishment. Drivers could face fines ranging from $25 to $200, depending on repeat offenses. The highest penalties would apply to fourth and subsequent violations.
The bill is specifically aimed at situations where snow or ice accumulation creates a clear danger or contributes to an accident. Lawmakers say the goal is to reduce preventable injuries rather than penalize drivers unnecessarily.
If enacted, the law would require drivers to clear more than just their windshields and windows. Motorists would be expected to remove snow and ice from the entire roof of their vehicle, as well as check the hood and trunk to prevent snow from blowing onto their own windshield or into traffic behind them. The legislation also places particular emphasis on commercial vehicles, including trucks and tractor-trailers, which can carry large volumes of ice.
As lawmakers continue reviewing House Bill 474, officials are urging drivers to take simple precautions during winter storms. They say spending a few extra minutes clearing a vehicle can help prevent serious crashes and save lives on Maryland roadways.
